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In one week, Germany announced anti-drone units for nine cities after drone incidents including one over Leipzig, Poland asked EU countries to expel up to 40 percent of Russian diplomats, and the German city of Bonn closed a Russian consulate accused of being a spy center.
A month-old, limited conflict between the US and Iran spread this week to Bahrain, Jordan, Iraq, Kuwait and shipping in the Strait of Hormuz, pushing oil above $90 a barrel and rattling bond markets worldwide.
In one week, Estonia's defence minister quit over a scandal in buying ammunition for Ukraine, Denmark's authorities said Russia is recruiting local people to sabotage its weapons industry, and Germany split politically over how to handle Russia after an attack at Leipzig airport.
A Czech company called LPP Holding has finished testing Narwhal, the country's first home-built cruise missile, which can hit targets more than 600 kilometres away.
At a summit in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, Chinese leader Xi Jinping said China would keep supporting Iran and Russia despite pressure from the United States to pull back.
Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Pakistan signed a pact this year promising to defend each other if attacked.
Oil prices rose above $90 a barrel after the Strait of Hormuz, the main route ships use to carry oil out of the Gulf, stayed closed during the Iran conflict.
This week, the West's defenses and alliances were tested from several directions at once, raising questions about how prepared it is for a crisis.
Ukraine's new defense minister faces shortages of shells, stalled weapons contracts, and units lacking armored vehicles to move wounded soldiers.
In one week, four separate incidents added to a pattern of suspected Russian hybrid warfare against European countries.
The European Union is preparing what would be its largest sanctions package against Russia since the country's full invasion of Ukraine, according to the news outlet Seznam Zprávy.
Oman is trying to arrange a temporary shipping route through the Strait of Hormuz, a narrow sea passage between Iran and the United States that carries about a fifth of the world's oil and gas.